biocentrism

  Difference Between Hedonic and Eudaimonic Well-Being Aspect Hedonic Well-Being Eudaimonic Well-Being Definition Focuses on pleasure, comfort, and short-term happiness Focuses on meaning, purpose, and long-term personal growth Goal Maximize positive emotions and minimize pain Fulfill true potential and live according to one’s values Core Idea “Feeling good” “Functioning well” Measurement Measured through subjective well-being (life satisfaction, mood) Measured through psychological well-being (purpose, growth, autonomy) Motivation Driven by extrinsic goals like success, money, pleasure Driven by intrinsic goals like meaning, relationships, contribution Philosophical Roots Rooted in hedonism (e.g., Epicurus, Bentham) Rooted in Aristotle’s concept of eudaimonia (living virtuously) Example Activities Watching a movie, eating favorite food Volunteering, mastering a skill, spiritual practice Duration of Satisfaction Often short-lived and fleeting More lasting and sustainable satisfac...

 chp#01 Introduction to Positive Psychology 1. What Is Positive Psychology? Definition : Positive Psychology is a relatively modern branch of psychology focused on the study of human strengths and virtues that enable individuals and communities to thrive. Focus Areas : Positive emotions, character strengths, optimism, resilience, flow, hope, gratitude, and meaning in life. Founder Dr. Martin Seligman formally introduced Positive Psychology in 1998 during his presidency of the American Psychological Association (APA).  Core Concepts of Positive Psychology PERMA Model (by Martin Seligman) P – Positive Emotion E – Engagement (Flow) R – Relationships (Social support) M – Meaning (Purpose in life) A – Accomplishment (Achievement & success) 🌟 Three Levels of Positive Psychology (Made Simple) 1. Subjective Level – How You Feel Inside 🧠 What it is : This level is all about your emotions and daily experiences . ✅ Includes : Feeling happy, ho...

Role of Human Nature and Contributing Factors in Crime Understanding crime requires an in-depth analysis of human nature —our psychological makeup, biological tendencies, and social behaviors. Human nature is not inherently criminal, but certain traits, vulnerabilities, and environmental interactions can lead to deviant or unlawful acts. 1. Biological Perspective The biological perspective focuses on genetic, neurochemical, and physiological factors that may predispose individuals to criminal behavior. Genetic Influences Criminal tendencies may run in families. Twin and adoption studies suggest heritability in antisocial behavior. MAOA gene (also called "warrior gene") linked with aggression under stress. Neurobiological Abnormalities Brain imaging shows reduced prefrontal cortex activity in violent offenders. Amygdala dysfunction may impair emotional regulation and empathy. Hormonal imbalances, such as elevated testosterone, correlate with aggres...

 chapter #7 Why Some Athletes Choke Under Pressure 1. Fear of Failure Athletes fear disappointing coaches, teammates, or fans. Anxiety over consequences becomes overwhelming. Focus shifts from performance to avoiding mistakes. 2. Overthinking Skills (Reinvestment) Skills that are usually automatic become consciously controlled. Disrupts muscle memory and timing. Leads to hesitation and clumsy execution. 3. Loss of Concentration Mind drifts to audience, outcome, or past/future mistakes. Inability to stay "in the moment" during critical plays. Distractions interrupt flow and task-focus. 4. High-Stakes Situations More is at stake (titles, scholarships, recognition). Triggers fight-or-flight response: tension, fast heartbeat. Pressure becomes a mental and physical burden. 5. Negative Self-Talk Thoughts like “Don’t fail” or “You can’t mess this up” arise. Undermines self-confidence during performance. Creates internal conflic...