biocentrism

Forensic Psychology – Complete Note  Definition of Forensic Psychology APA Definition : Forensic psychology is the professional practice by psychologists within the areas of clinical psychology, counseling, neuropsychology, and school psychology as they engage with the legal and judicial systems. Importance of Forensic Psychology Ensures fair and ethical legal decisions Helps detect mental illness in offenders Supports victim recovery and safety Reduces recidivism through rehabilitation Aids in criminal investigations through behavioral analysis History of Forensic Psychology Early Roots The roots trace back to the late 19th century, when psychologists began exploring how mental processes affect legal outcomes. In 1893 , James Cattell conducted one of the earliest studies on the reliability of eyewitness testimony. Development in the 20th Century 1908 : Hugo Münsterberg’s book On the Witness Stand highlighted the need for psychology in law. During the mid-...

  Definition of Clinical Psychology Clinical psychology is the scientific study and application of psychological principles to understand, prevent, and relieve psychologically based distress or dysfunction and to promote subjective well-being and personal development. APA Definition: Clinical psychology involves the integration of theory, science, and clinical knowledge to understand, predict, and relieve psychological disorders, maladjustment, and personal development issues. Key Features of Clinical Psychology Assessment and Diagnosis Clinical psychologists use interviews, tests, and observation tools to assess mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, and personality disorders. Example : A psychologist may use the Beck Depression Inventory to measure the severity of a client’s depressive symptoms. Therapy and Treatment Clinical psychologists apply various therapeutic methods, including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), psychodynamic the...

  Definition Positive psychology is defined as the scientific study of human strengths and virtues that enable individuals and communities to thrive. It emphasizes positive emotions, personal strengths, life satisfaction, resilience, and a sense of purpose. Importance of Positive Psychology Improves mental health and life satisfaction Reduces stress, anxiety, and risk of depression Strengthens emotional resilience and coping skills Encourages personal growth and goal achievement Enhances relationships and community well-being Three Levels of Positive Psychology Subjective Level This level focuses on positive emotions and individual experiences such as happiness, pleasure, satisfaction, and hope. Example : Feeling grateful after achieving a personal goal or experiencing joy while spending time with loved ones. Individual Level It emphasizes personal traits and strengths that help individuals lead fulfilling lives, such as courage, honesty, perseverance, an...

  Motivation and Focus in Sports Psychology Introduction In sports psychology, motivation and focus are two of the most critical elements influencing an athlete’s performance and mental strength. Motivation drives the desire to train and compete, while focus sharpens an athlete’s ability to perform under pressure. Developing both skills leads to higher consistency, resilience, and excellence in sports. This assignment explores methods to maximize motivation, overcome obstacles, understand focus, and manage pressure effectively. Types of Motivation Intrinsic Motivation : Comes from within the athlete, driven by the enjoyment of the activity, personal satisfaction, or a sense of accomplishment. Example : A runner enjoys the feeling of achieving a personal best time, regardless of competition. Extrinsic Motivation : Driven by external factors, such as rewards, recognition, or the desire to avoid negative consequences. Example : A football player trains hard to secure a spot ...

   Definition of Character A character is any person, figure, or being in a literary work. Characters may be human, animal, or even objects with human traits. They are central to the plot and help drive the story forward. In a novel, character is one of the most essential elements that drives the plot, conveys themes, and connects with readers. Characters bring the story to life through their actions, speech, thoughts, and development. Understanding how characters are created and presented helps us analyze a novel in depth. Each character, whether major or minor, contributes to the narrative in a meaningful way. Without compelling characters, even the most imaginative plot may fail to resonate with readers. Thus, studying characterization and the types of characters used in novels is fundamental for any student of literature.  Types of Characters Protagonist: The main character, often the hero or central figure. Antagonist: Opposes the protagonist; creat...